Główna zawartość
Podstawy informatyki - program rozszerzony
Kurs: Podstawy informatyki - program rozszerzony > Rozdział 5
Lekcja 3: Stronniczność w uczeniu maszynowymAlgorytmy uczenia maszynowego
Machine learning is a type of algorithm that improves based on experience, not by a programmer writing a better algorithm. The algorithm gains experience by processing more and more data and then modifying itself based on the properties of the data.
There are many varieties of machine learning techniques, but here are three general approaches:
- reinforcement learning: The algorithm performs actions that will be rewarded the most. Often used by game-playing AI or navigational robots.
- unsupervised machine learning: The algorithm finds patterns in unlabeled data by clustering and identifying similarities. Popular uses include recommendation systems and targeted advertising.
- supervised machine learning: The algorithm analyzes labeled data and learns how to map input data to an output label. Often used for classification and prediction.
Let's dive into one of the most common approaches to understand more about how a machine learning algorithm works.
Neural networks
An increasingly popular approach to supervised machine learning is the neural network. A neural network operates similarly to how we think brains work, with input flowing through many layers of "neurons" and eventually leading to an output.
Training a network
Computer programmers don't actually program each neuron. Instead, they train a neural network using a massive amount of labeled data.
The training data depends on the goal of the network. If its purpose is to classify images, a training data set could contain thousands of images labeled as "bird", "airplane", etc.
During the training phase, the neural network tries out different weights for the connections between the neurons until it finds a set of weights that outputs a correct classification.
The neural network starts off with all the weights set to random values, so its initial classifications are way off. It learns from its mistakes, however, and eventually comes up with a set of weights that do the best job at classifying all of the training data.
Using the network
When the neural network sees a novel image, it uses the pre-trained weights and outputs the possible classes and their probabilities.
Accuracy
The accuracy of a neural network is highly dependent on its training data, both the amount and diversity. Has the network seen the object from multiple angles and lighting conditions? Has it seen the object against many different backgrounds? Has it really seen all varieties of that object?
If we want a neural network to truly understand the world, we need to expose it to the huge diversity of our world.
In the next article, we'll explore what happens when machine learning algorithms are trained on biased data.
Chcesz dołączyć do dyskusji?
Na razie brak głosów w dyskusji