Główna zawartość
Rząd i społeczeństwo USA
Course: Rząd i społeczeństwo USA > Jednostka 1
Lekcja 7: The relationship between the states and the federal government- Federalism in the United States
- Categorical grants, mandates, and the Commerce Clause
- Article IV of the Constitution
- The relationship between the states and the federal government
- The relationship between the states and the federal government: lesson overview
- The relationship between the states and the federal government
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The relationship between the states and the federal government: lesson overview
A high-level overview of the relationship between the states and the federal government.
Government in the United States is shared between local, state, and federal governments. The distribution of power between state and national governments has changed over time in response to societal needs.
Pojęcia kluczowe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| block grants | Federal grants issued to states or local governments to support broad programs |
| categorical grants | Federal grants restricted to specific purposes |
| concurrent powers | Powers shared by the federal government and state governments, e.g. lawmaking and taxation |
| exclusive powers | Powers reserved either to the federal government or state governments |
| federalism | Political system that organizes government into two or more levels with independent powers; in the United States this consists of local, state, and national governments |
| federal revenue sharing | The practice of sharing federal income tax revenue with state and local governments |
| mandate | A requirement that states or local governments meet a specific condition in order to receive federal aid |
Document to know
The US Constitution: Articles IV and V of the US Constitution outline the federal system used in the United States today.
Article IV establishes that the states will give “full faith and credit” to the laws of other states. For example, if a citizen gets legally married in one state, he is still married if he moves to another state. Likewise, if a citizen commits a crime in one state, she cannot escape to another state and evade justice. States also can’t discriminate against citizens of other states if they move; any US citizen who moves to a state is entitled to the same “privileges and immunities” of citizenship in that state as someone born there.
Article IV also promises states the protection of the federal government. It does this by promising to defend states against invasion, guaranteeing them a republican form of government, and barring the federal government from splitting up a state without the consent of its legislature and Congress.
Article V describes the process of amending the Constitution, which requires the ratification of three-quarters of the states. This provision of the Constitution demonstrates the importance of the states in approving the workings of the US government.
Exclusive and concurrent powers of state and federal governments
| Exclusive federal powers | Concurrent powers | Exclusive state powers |
|---|---|---|
| Coining money | Taxation | Conducting elections |
| Regulating interstate and foreign commerce | Lawmaking and enforcement | Establishing local governments |
| Regulating the mail | Chartering banks and corporations | Providing for public safety, health, welfare |
| Declaring war | Taking land for public use (eminent domain) | Maintaining militia |
| Raising armies | Establishing courts | Ratifying Constitutional amendments |
| Conducting foreign affairs | Borrowing money | Regulating intrastate commerce |
| Establishing inferior courts | ||
| Establishing rules of naturalization |
Najważniejsze punkty
Constitutional allocation of power: In addition to the separation of powers and system of checks and balances that guard against any one branch of the federal government becoming too powerful, federalism separates the powers of the federal and state governments as an added security measure to reign in government power. The federal system grants states large autonomy over lawmaking within their borders, so long as they do not violate citizens’ rights or contradict federal laws. The federal government is also able to assert power over the states through grants and mandates.
This system allows local state governments to be responsive to the particular needs of their citizens while binding the states together into a larger nation.
Pytanie sprawdzające
Name one power exclusive to the federal government and one power exclusive to state governments. Now, name two concurrent powers shared by both state governments and the federal government.
Why is the American system of government divided into three levels? What is the impact of the federal system on US policymaking?
Why are certain powers reserved to different levels of government? Can you make a generalization about the kinds of powers reserved to the federal government vs. the kinds of powers reserved to state governments?
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