Główna zawartość
Biologia w szkole średniej
Kurs: Biologia w szkole średniej > Rozdział 2
Lekcja 4: Organelle komórek eukariotycznychEukaryotic cell structures review
Pojęcia kluczowe
| Pojęcie | Znaczenie |
|---|---|
| Komórka | Podstawowa jednostka istot żywych |
| Organellum | Wyspecjalizowana struktura komórkowa, pełniąca konkretne funkcje |
Eukaryote-specific organelles
| Organelle | Function |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Stores genetic information; controls all cell activities |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | Network of tubes and membranes that carry material through the cell and play a role in protein modification and lipid synthesis; has two parts: rough ER (contains ribosomes) and smooth ER (does not contain ribosomes) |
| Golgi body | Flattened membrane discs that package and sort proteins |
| Mitochondria | Breaks down sugar into energy for the cell |
| Chloroplast | Uses light energy to make food for plant cells |
| Vacuole | Storage site for food, water, and waste; large central vacuole helps maintain the shape of plant cells |
| Lysosome | Breaks down large molecules and digests old cell parts |
Często spotykane błędy i nieporozumienia
- Plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Some people believe that only animal cells have mitochondria, and plant cells have chloroplasts instead. However, plants need both chloroplasts and mitochondria to undergo photosynthesis and cellular respiration, respectively.
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