Introduction to metabolism review

Podstawowe pojęcia

Term	Meaning
Metabolism	The sum of all chemical reactions that take place inside a cell
Anabolism	The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones
Catabolism	The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
Exergonic reaction	A reaction that releases energy
Endergonic reaction	A reaction that consumes energy
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in living things

Metabolism

Metabolism is a set of chemical reactions that interconnect in a series of pathways. It is a balancing act between the building and breakdown of molecules in the body.

Type of metabolism	Process	Energetics	Example
Anabolism	Builds complex molecules from simple ones	Endergonic	Production of new body tissues
Catabolism	Breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones	Exergonic	Digestion of food

Examples

Catabolism: Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is a catabolic process during which glucose is broken down to release usable energy for a cell.

The overall reaction for cellular respiration is:

C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}

6 O_{2}

\to

6 {CO}_{2}

6 H_{2} O

energia

As in all catabolic processes, cellular respiration releases energy which can then be harnessed and used by other reactions in the cell.

Anabolism: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process during which plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas and water into sugar molecules.

The overall reaction for photosynthesis is:

6 {CO}_{2}

6 H_{2} O

energia

\to

C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}

6 O_{2}

Photosynthesis, like all anabolic processes, consumes energy as glucose is built. Some of this glucose is used by the plant itself, or it can be used as a food source for other organisms.

Często spotykane błędy i nieporozumienia

Many metabolic reactions occur at the same time. Thousands of metabolic reactions are being carried out in your body at the same time. They are all coordinated with one another and regulated carefully to keep an organism functioning properly.

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